Peter Arthur Diamond
Americký ekonom profesor Peter Arthur Diamond se narodil dne 29. dubna 1940 v New Yorku. Prosadil se především svojí analýzou americké politiky sociálního zabezpečení.
Diamondovým studijním oborem byla matematika, kterou vystudoval na Yale University v roce 1960. O tři roky později pak na Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) získává titul Ph.D. a v roce 1970 se stává řádným profesorem na University of California, Berkeley.
P. A. Diamond byl mj. presidentem Econometric Society a předsedal i další významné společnosti. American Econometric Association. V současné době působí v National Academy of Sciences a je zakládajícím členem National Academy of Social Insurance.
Diamond rozvinul svou teorii hledání na příkladu fungování ekonomiky na fiktivním ostrově s palmami a kokosovými ořechy. Ukázal, že je nutno vždy počítat také s náklady na vyhledávání tržních příležitostí a až poté lze vysvětlit různé varianty tržních situací. Je autorem tzv. Diamondova paradoxu, který se stal podnětem pro mnohé další výzkumy.
Teorie hledání pak byla následně v 90. letech rozvinuta dalšími dvěma laureáty Nobelovy ceny pro rok 2010. Diamondova analýza byla D. Mortensenem a C. Pissaridesem aplikována na pracovní trhy a výsledkem se stal tzv. DMP, tedy model zvaný v ekonomické teorii Diamondův-Mortensenův-Pissaridesův model.
Teoretický rámec search modelů lze přenést i do oblasti mnoha různých jiných trhů, např. do sféry nemovitostí, konkrétně na trh s bydlením. Poznatky teorie „vyhledávacího tření“ se aplikují dále i v rámci měnové teorie, v ekonomii veřejných financí, v regionální ekonomii, jakož i v ekonomii rodiny.
Stojí za zmínku, že profesor Diamond byl navržen americkým presidentem Obamou v roce 2010 na místo guvernéra centrální banky Fed, republikánská část Kongresu USA jej však do této funkce neschválila.
Peter A. Diamond je od roku 1966 ženatý s „Kate“ Priscillou Myrick a má nyní již dva dospělé syny – Matta a Andyho.
Knihy
DIAMOND, P. A. Taxation, Incomplete Markerts, and Social Security. The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262541823, June 2005.
Issues in Privatizing Social Security: Report of an Expert Panel of the National Academy of Social Insuranse. Edited by P. A. Diamond. The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262041774, June 1999.
DIAMOND, P. A. On Time. Cambridge University Press, number 9780521462891, 1994.
Growth /Productivity/ Unemloyment. Edited by P. A. Diamond. The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262041103, June 1990.
Články
DIAMOND, P. A. Taxes and pensions. Southern Economic Journal, July 2009, vol. 76, no. 1, p. 2 – 15.
DIAMOND. P. A. Behavioral economics. Journal of Public Economics, Aug. 2008, vol. 92, no. 8-9, p. 1858 – 1862.
DIAMOND, P. A. Optimal tax treatment of private contributions for public goods with and without warm glow preferences. Journal of Public Economics, May 2006, vol. 90, no. 4-5, p. 897 – 919.
DIAMOND, P. A. Reforming public pensions in the US and the UK. Economic Journal, 2006, vol. 116, no. 509, p. F94 – F118.
BARR, N., DIAMOND, P. A. The economics of pensions. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Spring 2006, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 15 – 39.
DAVIDOFF, T., BROWN, J. R., DIAMOND, P. A. Annuities and individual welfare. American Economic Review, Dec. 2005, vol. 95, no. 5, p. 1573 – 1590.
DIAMOND, P. A., ORSZAG, P. R. Saving social security. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring 2005, vol. 19, no. 2, p. 11 – 32.
DIAMOND, P. A., ORSZAG, P. R. Saving social security: The Diamond-Orszag plan. The Economist’s Voice, 2005, vol. 2, no. 1.
DIAMOND, P. A. Social security. American Economic Review, March 2004, vol. 94, no. 1, p. 1 – 24.
DIAMOND, P. A., KOSZEGI, B. Quasi-hyperbolic discounting and retirement. Journal of Public Economics, Sept. 2003, vol. 87, no. 9 – 10, p. 1839 – 1872.
DIAMOND, P. A., GEANAKOPLOS, J. Social security investment in equities. American Economic Review, Sept. 2003, vol. 93, no. 4, p. 1047 – 1074.
DIAMOND, P. A., ORSZAG, P. R. An assesment of the proposals of the president’s commision to strengthen social security. The B. E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2002, vol. 0, no. 1.
DIAMOND, P. A. Public finance theory – then and now. Journal of Public Economics, Dec. 2002, vol. 86, no. 3, p. 311 – 317.
AURA, S., DIAMOND, P. A., GEANAKOPLOS, J. Savings and portfolio choice in a two-period two-asset model. American Economic Review, Sept. 2002, vol. 92, no. 4, p. 1185 – 1191.
DIAMOND, P. A. Managerial incentives: on the near linearity of optimal compensation. Journal of Political Economy, Oct. 1998, vol. 106, no. 5, p. 931 – 957.
DIAMOND, P. A. Macroeconomics aspects of social security reform. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, 1997, vol. 28, p. 1 – 88.
SHAFIR, E., DIAMOND, P. A., TVERSKY, A. Money illusion. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1997, vol. 112, no. 2, p. 341 – 374.
DIAMOND, P. A. Proposals to restructure social security. Journal of Economic Perspective, Summer 1996, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 67 – 88.
DIAMOND, P. A. Public provision of pensions: The Doug Purvis memorial lecture. Canadian Public Policy, March 1996, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 1 – 6.
DIAMOND, P. A., HAUSMAN, J. Contingent valuation: is some number better than no number? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall 1994, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 45 – 64.
DIAMOND, P. A. Two improvements on the Clinton framework. Journal of Economic Perspective, Summer 1994, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 61 – 66.
BLANCHARD, O. J., DIAMOND, P. A. The flow approach to labor markets. American Economic Review, May 1992, vol. 82, no. 2, p. 354 – 359.
DIAMOND, P. A. Organizing the health insurance market. Econometrica, Nov. 1992, vol. 60, no. 6, p. 1233 – 1254.
DIAMOND, P. A., FUDENBERG, D. Rational expectations business cycles in search equilibrium: a correction. Journal of Political Economy, Feb. 1991, vol. 99, no. 1, p. 218 – 219.
BLANCHARD, O. J., DIAMOND, P. A. The cyclical behavior of the gross flows of U.S. workers. Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, 1990, vol. 21, no. 1990-2, p. 85 – 156.
DIAMOND, P. A., YELLIN, J. Inventories and money holdings in a search economy. Econometrica, July 1990, vol. 58, no. 4, p. 929 – 950.
DIAMOND, P. A. Pairwise credit in search equilibrium. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1990, vol. 105, no. 2, p. 285 – 319.
DIAMOND, P. A. The real effects of tax-based incomes policies: comment. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1990, vol. 92, no. 2, p. 325 – 328.
BLANCHARD, O. J., DIAMOND, P. A. The beveridge curve. Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, 1989, vol. 20, no. 1989-1, p. 1 – 76.
DIAMOND, P. Multiple equilibria in models of credit. American Economic Review, May 1987, vol. 77, no. 2, p. 82 – 86.
DIAMOND, P. A. Intertemporal aspects of learning new techniques: implications for efficiency and distribution: comment. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1986, vol. 88, no. 1, p. 189 – 194.
DIAMOND, P. A., MIRRLEES, J. A. Payroll-tax financed social insurance with variable retirement. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1986, vol. 88, no. 1, p. 25 – 50.
DIAMOND. P. A., HAUSMAN, J. A. Individual retirement and savings behavior. Journal of Public Economics, 198, vol. 23, no. 1-2, p. 81 – 114.
DIAMOND, P. A. Wage determination and efficiency in search equilibrium. Review of Economic Studies, Apr. 1982, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 217 – 227.
DIAMOND, P. A. An alternative to steady-state comparison. Economic Letters, 1980, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 7 – 9.
DIAMOND, P. A. Efficiency with uncertain supply. Review of Economic Studies, July 1980, vol. 47, no. 4, p. 645 – 651.
DIAMOND, P. A. Income taxation with fixed hours of work. Journal of Public Economics, Febr. 1980, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 101 – 110.
DIAMOND, P. A., MASKIN, E. An equilibrium analysis of search and breach of contract, I: Steady states. Bell Journal of Economics, Spring 1979, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 282 – 316.
DIAMOND. P. A. A framework for social security analysis. Journal of Public Economics, Dec. 1977, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 275 – 298.
DIAMOND, P. A. Welfare analysis of imperfect information equilibria. Bell Journal of Economics, Spring 1978, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 82 – 105.
DIAMOND, P. A. Accident law and reresource allocation. Bell Journal of Economics, Autumn 1974, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 366 – 405.
DIAMOND. P. A., STIGLITZ, J. E. Increases in risk and in risk aversion. Journal of Economic Theory, July 1974, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 337 – 360.
DIAMOND, P. A. Posner’s economic analysis of law. Bell Journal of Economics, Spring 1974, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 294 – 300.
DIAMOND, P. A., McFADDEN, D. L. Some uses of the expenditure function in public finance. Journal of Public Economics, Febr. 1974, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 3 – 21.
DIAMOND, P. A. MIRRLEES, J. A. Aggregate production with consumption externalities. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Febr. 1973, vol. 87, no. 1, p. 1 – 24.
DIAMOND, P. A. Consumption externalities and imperfect corrective pricing. Bell Journal of Economics, Autumn 1973, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 526 – 538.
DIAMOND, P. A., YAARI, M. Implications of the theory of rationing for consumer choice under uncertainty. American Economic Review, June 1972, vol. 62, no. 3, p. 333 – 343.
DIAMOND, P. A., MITCHELL, F. Custom valuation and transport choice. Journal of International Economics, Febr. 1971, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 119 – 126.
DIAMOND, P. A. A model of price adjustment. Journal of Economic Theory, June 1971, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 156 – 168.
DIAMOND, P. A., MIRRLEES, J. A. Optimal taxation and public production I: Production efficiency. American Economic Review, March 1971, vol. 61, no. 1, p. 8 – 27.
DIAMOND, P. A., MIRRLEES, J. A. Optimal taxation and public production II: Tax rules. American Economic Review, June 1971, vol. 61, no. 3, p. 261 – 278.
DIAMOND, P. A. Cardinal welfare, individualistic ethics, and interpersonal comparison of utility: comment. Journal of Political Economy, 1967, vol. 75, p. 765.
DIAMOND, P. A. On the cost of tax-exempt bonds. Journal of Political Economy, vol. 75, p. 765.
Working papers, proceedings, přednášky, aj.
DIAMOND, P. A. Social security reform. Angelo Costa’s Lectures Serie, issue Lect. 1, 2000.
COILE, C., DIAMOND, P. A., GRUBER, J. et al. Delays in claiming social security benefits. NBER Working Papers 7318, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 1999.
DIAMOND, P. A. Integrating punishment and efficiency concerns in punitive damages for reckless disregard of risks to others. Working papers 97 – 19, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1997.
DIAMOND, P. A. Political aspects of social security reform. Conference Series, /Proceedings/, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jun, p. 287 – 292, 1997.
DIAMOND, P. A. Optimal income taxation: an example with a U-shaped pattern of optimal marginal tax rates. Working papers 94 – 14, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1994.
DIAMOND, P. A. Testing the internal consistency of contingent valuation surveys. Working papers 93 – 1, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1993.
SHESHINSKI, E., DIAMOND, P. A. Economic aspects of optimal disability benefits. Working papers 92 – 5, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1992.
BLANCHARD, O. J., DIAMOND, P. A. Ranking, unemploymentduration, and wages. Working papers 546, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1990.
DIAMOND, P. A. Search, sticky prices, and inflation. Working papers 509, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1988.
DIAMOND, P. A., FUDENBERG, D. Rational expectations business cycle in search equilibrium. Working papers 465, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1987.
DIAMOND, P. A. Consumer differences and prices in a search model. Working papers 404, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1985.
YELLIN, J., DIAMOND, P. A. The distribution of inventory holdings in a pure exchange barter search economy. Working papers 330, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1983.
DIAMOND, P. A. Money in search equilibrium. Working papers 297, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1982.
DIAMOND, P. A. Aggregate demand management in search equilibrium. Working papers 268, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1980.
DIAMOND, P. A. Mobility costs, frictional unemployment, and efficiency. Working papers 257, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1980.
DIAMOND, P. A., MASKIN, E. An equilibrium analysis of search and breach of contract, II: a non-steady state example. Working papers 237, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1979.
DIAMOND, P. A., HELMS, L. J., MIRRLEES, J. Optimal taxation in a stochastic economy: A Cobb-Douglas example. Working papers 217, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1978.
DIAMOND, P. A., MIRRLEES, J. A. A model of social insurance with variable retirement. Working papers 210, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1977.
DIAMOND, P. A. Tax incidence in a two good model. Working papers 195, Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1977.
DIAMOND, P. A., MIRRLEES, J. A. On the assignment of liability: the uniform case. Working papers 152, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1975.
DIAMOND, P. A. A many-person Ramsey tax rule. Working papers 146, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1975.
DIAMOND, P. A., MIRRLEES, J. A. Private constant returns and public shadow prices. Working papers 151, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1975.
DIAMOND, P. A. Inflation and the comprehensive tax base. Working papers 98, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1973.
DIAMOND, P. A. Single activity accidents. Working papers 113, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1973.
DIAMOND, P. A. Incidence of an interest income tax. Working papers 5, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics, 1967.